Air-compressor.



Patented Aug. 8, |899.

n. L. DUNN. l AIR COMPRES'SUR.

(Application filed Nov. 19, 1898.1

5 Sheets-Sheet I.V

fNo Model.)

attenua/LJ E ncnm'syn'sus cc. woruu'mo., wnsmumon D c Ltl Immun/1mi HmmNo. 630,495. Patented Aug. 8, |399. R..L. nuNrL AIR CDMPBESSUR.

(Application led Nov. 19, 1898.) (No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 2.

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awww/doa Patented Aug. s, |899.

R L DUNN AIR COMPRESSOR.

(Application led Nov. 19, 1898.,

.5 Sheets-$heet 3.

"No Model.)

.0% VMN Patented Aug. 8, |899. R. L. DUNN.

AIB COMPRESSOR.

(Application filed Nov. 19, 189B.)

5 Sheets-Sheet 4.

(No Model.)

we Nonms verras c'n, Immo-Lema, wAswNcYoN, o. cy

No. 630,495. Patented Aug. s, |899. f

n. L. DUNN.

AIR GUMPRESSUR.

(Application fled Nov. 19, 1898.\ fllo Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 5.

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UNiTiED STATES 4PATmvr OFFICE.

RUSSELLL. DUNN, OF SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA, ASSIGNOR THREE- FOURTI'ISTO CLARENCE STANLEY PRESTON AND FRANK IIANFORD, OF SEATTLE,VVASI-IINGTCN.

AIR-COMPRESSOR.

SPECIFICATION forming' part of Letters Patent No. 630,495, dated Aiignst8, 1899'. Application filed Noveinhi' I9, 1898. Serial No. 696 ,373. (Nomodel.)

To al?, whom, t may concern,.- Y 5. Fig. 7 is a plan view of Fig. 5.Fig. Sis a 5o Be it known that I, RUSSELL L. DUNN, a plan view showingthe mechanism for opercitizen of theUnited States, residing at San atingthe water-inlet valve anda valve which Francisco, in the county of SanFrancisco and admits a Water-spray to the air in the com- 5 State ofCalifornia, have invented new and pression-chambers. Fig. 9 is a sideelevation useful Improvements in AirCompressors, of of Fig. 8. Fig. 10is an enlarged section on 55 which the following is a specification.line .fr of Fig. 4. Fig. 1l is an elevation The objectof my invention is`to economshowing an alternative location of the inletically anddirectly conserve into compressed valve on the motive-water pipe. Fig.l2 is a xo air with a much greater economy than that vertical section ofthe adjusting device shown obtained from hydraulic engines heretofore onFig. 4. 6o used the'energy of a mass-of water acting in In said drawingsI have illustrated an apa pipe under a gravity-head. paratus both singleand in series which I My invention consists in the parts and theconsider best suited for the purpose I have in i 5 constructions,arrangements, and combinaview; but I do not limit myself to the precisetions of parts hereinafter described and actuating mechanisms anddetails of construc- 65 claimed whereby a mass of water acting in tion,as these may be varied within certain a motive-water pipe conserves aportion of limits without materially modifying the broad its kineticenergy into compressed air and feature of my invention, which resides inthe 2o with the remainder' forces the air so comemployment of severalconnected parts in pressed into a suitable receiver. such determinatestructural proportion, re- 7o In the operation of my apparatus I applylation, and adjustment of one to eachand all directly to a predeterminedvolume of air the the others that a mass of4 Water acting in onepredetermined `kinetic, energyof a mass of of the parts, which I termthe motive-water 2 5 water acting in a pipe by its velocity-head, pipe,Willgenerate adeterminate amount of (the velocity-head being adeterminate porkinetic energy, which it subsequently in an- 75 tion ofthe total or gravity head,) arranging other part, which I term thecompressionstructurally my machine to secure directly,chamber,partiallyconservesbycompressing with the lowest economicvelocity-head, the to a predetermined tension `a volume of air 3o energyjust suflicient to compress the air to a and completely uses up intransferring the desired tension and to transfer it so comcompressed airand its conserved energy to a 8o pressed into a suitable receiver,Wasting in the receiver. operation only that volume of water which Theapparatus shown in the accompanying displaces the air compressed.drawings is to be used in connection with a 35 In the accompanyingdrawings, which form reservoir A, Fig. 4, containing water mainpart ofthis specification and in vwhich like tained with aquiet surface'at aconstant level 8 5 letters and numerals of reference indicate eorfromany suitable source.

responding parts, Figure 1 represents a plan B is the motive-Water pipefed from the res- View of a series or battery ofcompressionervoirA,-having by preference disposition in 4o chambers andvalve-operating mechanism, a true straight grade-line from itsconnection illustrating myinvention. Fig. 2 is a side elewith thecompression-chamber to a point not 9o vation of Fig. l. Fig. 3 shows alongitudinal Vmore than its entry-head below the water-sursectional Viewof a single compression-ehamface in `the reservoir, about ten (l0)inches ber. Fig. 4 represents the motive-water pipe submergence beingsufficient.

45 with itssupplying-reservoir, adj ustingdevice, The function of themotive-water pipe B,

the. Fig. 5 is an enlarged` detail, part in sec- Fig. 4, is thegeneration within it by a mass of 95 tion and part side elevation,showing the iwater in the water-column acting by its vemeans foroperating the'waste-water valve or locity-head of a determinate quantityof kioutlet-valve. Fig. Gisarear elevation of Fig. netic energy. Thediameter of this watercolumn is .the same ias the diameter 4ot' theinlet-valveFto the compresssion-chamber C.

The base of this water-column and lower limitation of the generation ofenergy in the mol ,tive-water pipe is the horizontal plane of the top.of the horizontal portion of the compression-chamber C. The supe-riorlimit ot' the column is the surface plane of the water in to the otherparts of the apparatus are its dif ameter equal to or slightly exceedingthe 4dviameter of the compression chamber C, its

length such that it will contain a determinate i column of Water, themass of which, acting' its velocity-head, shall generate the determinatekinetic energy required, and itsi preferable disposition in a `straightgrade-line in vthe vertical plane of the compression.;

chamber l`C and the trap D from the inlete va'lvc toa point lin thereservoir not farther below the surface of the water than the ree quiredentry-head of the Water-supply.

for a flow-adjusting device, I turn the pipe i vertically upward in thereservoir from a point about ten (10i inches below the surface. I

'Burned upward yat thatxpoint the vertical por,- tio-11 B2 of the pipeshould be .extended a few f inches above the quiet surface of the reserfvoir-water. j

b b are slots made in the pipe extending' from the watersurface to thedepth of ythe to compensatefordiierences in frictional return, saidslots being of uniform Width and uniformly spaced to admi-t water fromthe reservoir A. Around the slotted end of the pipe twoL (2') rings 8 8are placed one above i and the other below the slots b b', the -sursfaces between the rings being turned true and smooth to make a closejoint.

The rings 8 8 l are -cut away at 10 to form annular slots or 2 guides,and in these slide shutters 12 of uniform wid-th, one for each slot, andhaving; their inner surface true and smooth. A:

4.stem 13 is fitted to the shutters 12 in any appropriate manner and isprovid ed with a han.- dle or handpiece 14, by which the shutters f l2are operated. Theseshutters are designed footing the scope of myinvention; but the f one hereinabove described is well suited for mypurposes.

As will particularly appear in this speciis an vinterval of time inwhich the inlet water-valve is open, during which time interval I themotor-water column is acting and Wat-er is moving downward into thecompression,- chamber, and successively to this time interlet-valve.

`val a second l,interval of time during which theinlet water-valve isclosed (being the time interval in which the outlet water-valve is openand discharging the compression-chamber of waterV and" replacing it withair) and the water in the motor-column is vat rest. The action-and iiowofthe waterin the motivewater pipe B is thus intermittent,'andinasmuchas it receives its water-supply through the adjusting device Ihave described I adjust this supply either that the pipe shall receiveits full supply (the amount withdrawn each forward movement into thecompressionchamber) during the time vinterval of the for- Ward movementor so that it shall only receive the proportion of the full amount ofsupply that the time interval vof action in the motive-water pipe 'bearstothe total timeinterval between successive openings of the in- I canalso adj ust the supply-water entry into the pipe at any point betweenthese limi-ts. The effect of this adjustment is on the motor-column ofwater in the motive-water pipe, vwhich is -given thereby a difl l ferentlength and a correspondiugly-.different In yorder to have a convenientdisposition velocity-head, thereby generating va different determinateamount of 'kinetic energy and conservingener-gy li-n compressed air ofa-dii'- ferent tension, or in the ordinary loperation of Y the enginethe different determinate amount of kinetic energy generated`compensates for natural changes in atmospheric temperature, therebyconservingenergy ata constant tension. The adjustment isnalso usedsistances in operation from those anticipated by calculation. Theadvantage of this method of adjustment is its economy of wat-er wastesor of structure, or of both.

C, Fig. 3, is a compression-chamber of the same'orsli ghtl y lessdiameter than the motivewater pipe B, into which enter alternately IOOfree air to be compressed andthe volume ot lwater from the motive-waterpipe B, which displaces it after compression.

The chamber C is disposed horizontally in order to get the vgreatereconomy of applied torce. It is constructed with a vertical portion I,into which the compressed air collects and from which it is forced outthrough the air-valve h into any suitable receiver. This verticalportion I is near the-end of the chamber C and is structurally of suchdimensions that with substantially the same diameter as the horizontalpart of C its cubic capacity shall be about that of the volume of airwhen compressed to the required tension, the object of this structurebeing to avoid possible losses of the air after 'compression by reasonof inclosure in the water at points in an all horizontally-disposedchamber of air that the movement of the water would not get to theair-outlet valve before it closed by reason of the cessation of forwardmotion of the water.

The compression-chamber C at its outlet end terminates in a casing J, inwhich the cylindrical valve H operates vertically. H

IIO

is a hollow cylindrical valve, the details of which are shown in Fig. 3.This valve is snrrounded by a chamber QI in the casing J, and is thusbalanced against the pressure of the water which surrounds it on everyside and is kept firmly to its seat by a spring. A downward opening inthe Valve-casing .I under the valve H when the latter is open permitsthe water in the compression-chamber to be discharged or wasted and thefree air to enter in its place, this valve having thereby a dualfunction. s

D is a water-trap which is designed to remain filled with water duringthe operation' of the machine, its function heingadual onefirst, toprevent the backfiow of air when it is being compressed, and, second, toform a seal between the inlet-valve F and the compression-chamber C, sothat when the inletvalve is opened the watershallmove forward as apiston instead of as a spray.

F, Fig. 3, is a hollow cylindrical valve operated vertically, affordingawater-inlet from the pipe B to the compression-chamber C, balancedagainst the water-pressure by a chamber t' in a Valve-casing E. Theinletopening E of the valve-casing E and its opening downward into thetrap D are of thesame diameter as that of the compression-chamber C. Thestatic pressure of the water from the pipe B is carried in the valve Fby a piston H, over which the valve slides, the piston I-I being heldinplace by studs gg.

The inlet water-Valve F in its casing E, I have described as constructedbetween the trap Dand the lower end of t-he motive-water pipe B. I have,however, an alternative construction by which the inlet-valve F and itscasing E lnay be set at or near the upper end of the motive-water pipeB, as shown by B', Fig. 1l, but only on the condition, however, that thevertical height of the valve above the horizontal plane of the bottom ofthe compression-chamber C shall not be as much as the height at whichthe atmospheric pressure would sustain a water-column against a vacuum.I prefer the arrangement that I have first described in detail.

I do not claim the details of construction of the Valves as part of myinvention, nor do I confine myself to these particular styles of valve,but have described them as being well adapted for use in the operationof my invention, nor do Ilirnit myself to the specific means ofactuating the valves, which I prefer, however, to accomplish as follows:Suitably journaled across opposite ends of the apparatus are shafts KK', and upon the opposite ends of these shafts are fixed bevelgears L L,which gears are designed to mesh with pinions k 7s on the opposite endsof the shafts W V, which are disposed at right angles to the shafts K Kand parallel with and above the compressirig-chambers.

When using a series or battery of compression-chambers, I arrange theparts as Yshown in Figs. 1 and 2, in which case the shaft K' is disposedbetween the valve-stem of the discharge-valve and the air-collector I,and said shaft has fixed to it spurs Z, which mesh with similar gears mon short stud-shafts n, suitably journaled in supports o, rising fromthe caps of the valve-casings of the dischargevalves; but when using asingle cylinder type of apparatus, as shown in Fig..3, the shaft K isdispensed with, also its spur-gears, and the bevel-gear L is secureddirectly to one of the short shafts n, as shown in Fig. 3, and thepinion k made to directly engage said bevelfgear. f

When operating a single apparatus not in series, the shafts W W arearranged upon opposite sides of the cylinder, just as they are shownupon opposite sides of the battery or series of cylinders in Fig. 1, andthe power to drive the several shafts and gears is derivedfrom anysuitable secondary engine operated by the compressed air or otherenergy, transmitted to a driving-gear M on one of the aforesaid shafts WW'. Upon the shaft K are keyed cams N, each having a longgradually-increasing cam-surface and round point, and passing4transversely through the stem G of the water-inlet valve F is a pin O,which while close-fitting is capable of an axial movement inits'bearing, the ends of this pin being extended so that they lie uponthe curved surface of the cam, and as said cam lifts,because of therotation of the shaft which carries it, the pin O will turn in itsbearings, thereby producing substantially an antifriction or rollerbearing for the cam-surface, and atthe same time truly center thelifting energy on the valve-stem. Above the pin the valvestem isprovided witha collar P, and between this collar and an angle-iron q ofsome fixed framework a spring ct is placed, whereby the instant the pinO escapes the end of the cams the said spring accelerates the return ofthe inlet-valve to its seat. The short stud-shaft n for adischarge-valveH is lined with the stem H2, and the adjacent ends of companion shafts ncarry disks o' with crank-pins s, to which the lower ends of links t areconnected, the upper ends of these links being provided with pins u,working in avertical slot w, cut through the valve-stem H2.

ICO

IOS

IIO

The function of the valve-actuating device described is also dual.First, it actuates the valves F and H successively, so that when theinlet-valve F is open the outlet-valve II is closed, and when the valveH is open the valve F is closed, and, second, the combination of camsNaud disks r, with their appurtenant connections and gears, are socontrived that the substantially exact time interval of action of thewater in the motive-water pipe B during which the valve F is required tobe open plus the different but substantially eX- act time interval ofwater wasting through the valve I-I' shall be the substantially exacttime interval of one full revolution' of the lzo shafts K and n, sothatin the continuous operation of the engine there is no avoidable loss oftime.

When compressing to a high degree of compression, I propose to inject aWater-spray into the compressed air. Thus I show a Water-pipe R, Fig. 3,leading to the upper portion of the compression-chamber C and providedWitha rose or sprinkler S, adapted to discharge a spray into thecompression-chamber. This Water-pipe may be provided with any Well-knownand appropriate form of valve, and the stem T, Fig. 9, o f this valve isconnected with a rod or arm U, fulcrumed at one end and having itsopposite end connected'with a spring V, and on the shaft K, I- secure aneccentric X, which rides up under the arm U, raising the latter andopening the valve in the spray-pipe, the springV closing the valve afterthe point of the eccentric passes the arm. To prevent b ack pressure ofairin the spray-pipe, I employ any well-known form of check-valve at Z.employ the spray in connection with the motive-water-pipe-inlet-adjustin g device to compensate for natural changes in the atmospheretemperature.

The operation of the apparatus is substantially as follows: The trap Dand the mot-ivecompre'ssion-chamber C containingfree air,l theWaste-valve H being seated' and the airvalve h being also closed, themovement of the secondary engine is commenced to operate the cams on theshaft K. The cams enthe inlet-valve F, and thus open this valve. Themass of Water in the motive-Water pipe is thu-s released and free to actand immediately moves with the initial velocity determined by itsvelocity-head, thereby developing its entire kinetic energy, and therebeing no dead-space it gives this motion and energy instantly to theWater in the trap D, the Wholey Out of this waste-valve the Water in thecompression-chamber empties; and its place in the compression-chamberyis taken by free aim vThe' continued operation of the secondary engineseats the waste-valveH' the instant t the water is fully discharged andat that same instant has so far revolved the camsN N that in the nextsuccessive instant they shall engage the pin O, thus restoring thatinitial condition described, from which the operation is repeated. IalsoIn this specifica-tion I use the wordde terminate as expressing exactdescription vby lines, surfaces, and volumes and as -expressing exactmeasurement by concrete numbers, and I use the Word indetermif nate asexpressing the opposite of determii, nate.

water pipe B being filled with Water and the 1 The herein-describedhydraulic lair-com- .pressor dilfers from the known* prior art in lthatin my invention thewater-pipe is not considered sim ply as a conduit forWater from l a source' of supply toa point where pressure is applied orpower is generated, but is, congage the pin O and lift the valve-stem Gof trary to this, considered, primarily, as a de- .terminativestructural feature of the apparatus for a determinative generativepurpose. It is considered and constructed as beingra cvessel Withinwhich as the function of the Adeterminate structural elements-diameter,f length, and disposition-Water actingin it by l a determinatevelocity-head develops a particular determinate kinetic energy-the primeIIO to enter the compression-chamber C, opposed only by the initialresistance of the air at atg mover of. the engine It is because of thisthat I term the pipe in my engine the motive- Water pipe.

1 mined degree of tension the air-valve h opens and the compressed airpasses through it into the receiver. The mass of Water moving into thevertical portion I has continued to lose its initial velocity and to useup its kinetic energy until at the completion of the air expulsion it`has lost all of its velocity and kinetic energy. At this instant theair-valve his closed by the back pressure of the air from the receiver.The inlet-valve F, which has My invention also diers from the knownprior art in that in the latter when the indeterminately-appliedprime-mover energy is in- 3 sufficient for the determinate work forwhich the engine is designed either devices are employed by which thecompression-chamber is adjusted to have a less volume or the volume ofits free-air content is diminished by allowing a portion of it to escapein the beginning of each compression; or devices are employed to Wastethe surplus when the indeterminately-applied prime-mover energy ex- 1ceeds the determinate Work for which the engine is designed. In myinvention no such devices are required or used, the object of thedevices being more economically obtained by the structure anddisposition of the motive- :water pipe and by the adjustment of thedeterminate as distinguished from indeterminate prime-mover energy by adevice controlgine-load.

ling the inilow of water into the motive-water pipe. Otherwiseexpressed,in the known prior art operative adjustment is made in or atthe work end of the apparatus, either reducing the Work With or withoutWaste of Water or by wasting the prime-mover energy, While in myinvention operative adjustment, ordinarily as a result of structure anddisposition entirely unnecessary, is when required effected at theprime-mover end of the apparatus, thereby maintaining the Work of theengine at its maximum and wasting neither Water nor energy.

My invention further ditters from the known prior art in that in thelatter the pri ine-mover energy is indeterminate energy, while in myinvention the prime-mover energy is determinate kinetic energy.

'Ihe indifferent disposition and structure of a compression-chamber, theadjusting devices necessary to and connected with it, the notablyindifferentV structure or indierent disposition of the pipe, or both,and the consideration of it as primarily a Water-supply conduit andpressure-provider, the dependence for prime-mover energy on the totalhead of the Water and its pressure rather than on a mass of motive waterand its motion, and the generally preferred use of high total heads ofWater rather than on the use of low heads as sources of prime-moverenergy are common conditions found in the known prior art.

The particular disposition and structure of a com pression-chamber, theabsence of adjusting attachments to it, and absence of the cause ofthem, the particular structure and disposition of a pipe and its primaryconsideration as a motive-poWer-generating vessel rather than as aWater-conduit and pressureprovider, the dependence for prime-moverenergy on a mass of motive water and its motion rather than on the totalhead of Water and its pressure, and the preferred use of low total headsof Water rather than'high heads as sources of prime-mover energy are theimportant improvements of this art in my invention and as Well itsdistinguishing differences from the known prior art.

' In my invention I plan and dispose a pipe, which I term themotive-Water pipe, for the express purpose of enabling the water Whileconfined and acting within it to most economically generate and transmitdeterminate kinetic energy. I plan and dispose an adjusting device atthe inlet end of the motive- Water pipe for the express purpose ofeffecting a determinate regulation of the amount of generated kineticenergy to changes of en- I plan and dispose a horizontalcompression-chamber for the express purpose of enabling air bycompression in it to conserve the greatest possible proportion ofgenerated kinetic energy. I plan and dispose a trap at the inlet end ofthis compressionchamber and a vertical portion of thecompression-chamber near the outlet for the eX- press purpose ofpreventing escape of air from the compression-chamber through theinlet-valve and of preventing inclusion of air in the water and itsescape through the outlet-valve. I plan and dispose a valve-actuatingmechanism for the express purpose of preventing avoidable loss of time.

Herein-to wit, in the addition to the known 'prior art of a heretoforeunknown element the determinate kinetic energy of water confined in apipe acting by agravity-head and its determinate structural applicationin a novel and useful apparatus--resides the essence of my invention.

I-Iaving thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire tosecureby Letters Patent, is-

1. In a hydraulic air-compressor, the combination of ahorizontally-disposed compression-chamber, valves controlling the waterinlet and outlet of said chamber, means for operating the valvessuccessively, and an inclined motive-water pipe connecting above with asource of water-supply and below with the inlet end of thecompression-chamber 'whereby the water acting in it by gravity developsthe kinetic energy required.

2. In a.hydraulic air-compressor, ahorizontal compression-chamber havinga minor vertical member at or near the outlet end adapted to containsubstantially the air volume after compression, valves controlling thewater inlet and outlet ends of said chamber, means for operating thevalves successively, and an inclined motive-water pipe connecting abovewith a source of Water-supply and below with the inlet end of thecompressionchamber whereby the water acting in it by gravity developsthe kinetic energy required.

3. In a hydraulic air-compressor, a compression-chamber horizontallydisposed and having a trap at its inlet end said chamber having avertical minor member at or near its outlet end and adapted to containsubstantially the air volume after compression, valves controlling thewater inlet and outlet of said chamber, means for operating the valvessuccessively, and a motive-water pipe connecting above with a source ofWater-supply and below with the inlet of the compression-chamber wherebythe Water acting in it by gravity develops the kinetic energy required.

4. In a hydraulic air-compressor, a compression-chamber horizontallydisposed, having a trap at its inletend and having a vertical member atits outlet end adapted to contain substantially the air volume aftercompression, Water inlet and outlet valves and means for operating thesame successively, a pipe for the motive water connecting above with asource of Water-supply and below with the inlet end of said chamber, andmeans for regulating the amount of water supplied to said pipe andthereby adjusting the kinetic energy developed to the amount ofcompression required.

5. A hydraulic air-compressor including a IOO IOS

compression-chamber having water inlet and outletvalves and meanswhereby said valves are operated successively, a motive-water pipeconnecting an elevated source of watersupply with the inlet end of saidchamber,

and means controlling the entrance of water to said pipe whereby thevamount of kinetic energy developed may be adjusted by regulating theamount of water acting in the niotive-water pipe.

6. A hydraulic air-compressor including a horizontally disposedcompression-chamber having a vertical minor member at or nea-r itsoutlet end adapted to contain substantially the air volumeV aftercompression, water inlet and outlet valves at opposite ends of thechainber and means whereby said valves are operated successively, aninclined motive-water pipe connecting above with a source of watersupplyand below with the inletl end of the chamber whereby the water acting init'byv gravity develops the kinetic energy required,

and means controlling the entrance of water to said pipe whereby theamount of kinetic energy developed may be adj usted by regulating theamount of water acting in the motive? water pipe.

7. A hydraulic air-compressor'including av horizon tal compression-chamber havinga vertical member at or near one end adapted toycontain substantiallytlie air volume after compression, 'and a trap atthe opposite end, waterinlec` and outlet valves and means whereby theyare successively operated, an

inclined motive-water pipe lhaving one end connecting with a source 'ofwater-supply and l the opposite end connecting with the inlet to thechamber, and means controlling the envacting in themotive-water pipe.

8. In a hydraulic air-compressor, thecomlbination of a motive-waterpipe, connecting fabove with a source of water-supply, and connectingbelow withthe casing of an inlet water-valve wherebylthe water acting init by gravity develops the kinetic energy required, acompression-chamber horizon tally disposed,

`a water-trap at the inlet end of the compression-chamber, a verticalextension of the :compression chamber near the outlet end adapted tocontain substantiallythe' air Volume after compression; an inletwater-valve between the motive-water pipe-and the watertrap, an outletwastewater-discharge valve `from thecompression-chamber, adapted, also,to admit air to the chamber, `a compressedair-outlet valve,valve-operating mechanism for operating the inlet and outlet watervalvessuccessively and continuously, and means controlling the entrance ofWater to said pipe whereby the amount of kinetic energy developed may beadj usted by regu- .,lati'ng the amount of water acting i-n theinotive-water pipe.

In testimony whereof 1 have hereunto set iny handr in presence of twosubscribingfwtj UGSSGS.

RUSSELL L. DUNN.

.Witnesses S. A. TERRY, CHAPMAN W. FowLER.

